Estudio de la morfología de los conductos radiculares de los primeros premolares superiores en tomografía computarizada de haz cónico / Study of the morphology of root canals of the first upper premolars in cone beam computed tomography

Objetivo: analizar, mediante tomografía computarizada de haz cónico (TC o CBCT [Cone Beam Computed Tomograph]) la frecuencia del tipo de morfología interna de los conductos radi- culares según la clasificación de Vertucci y el número de raíces de los primeros premolares superiores. Material y métodos: en una población argentina de 50 pacientes, 30 de sexo femenino y 20 masculino, que concurrieron a la Cátedra de Diagnóstico por Imá- genes de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, se evaluaron 100 primeros premolares superiores con CBCT. Se estudiaron las variables: número de raíces, tipo de morfología interna, edad, sexo y lado. Fueron seleccionadas las tomografías de maxilar superior que incluyeron ambos primeros premolares en salud dental, periodontal y con ápice cerrado. Se realizó una adquisición volumétrica 100 × 90 mm y tamaño de vóxel de 150 µm. Se realizó la exploración de las imágenes en el plano axial de los tercios apical, medio y cervical de las piezas 1.4 y 2.4. Se utilizó un corte axial, observando en él, el tercio apical, medio y cervical de las piezas 1.4 y 2.4. Cada premolar fue analizado con 30 cortes transversales. Se utilizó la clasificación de Vertucci para agrupar las distintas variables anatómicas de los conductos radiculares de los primeros premolares superiores, la cual consta de VIII tipolo- gías. Resultados: el tipo más representativo entre los 100 primeros premolares superiores, dentro de la clasificación de Vertucci, fue el tipo IV (dos conductos separados desde la cámara al ápice). La coincidencia de tipos entre los lados derecho (78%; IC 95%: 65 a 87%) e izquierdo (70%; IC 95%: 56 a 81%) fue significativa. La distribución según el número de raíces en el lado derecho (χ 2 = 2.88) e izquierdo (χ2 = 0.72) no presentó una heterogeneidad significativa. La coincidencia del número de raíces entre los lados derecho e izquierdo fue significativa. Conclusión: se comprobó el tipo de morfología interna más frecuente, el número de raíces y su variabilidad de acuerdo al lado, sexo, y edad; lo cual es de una relevante importancia para realizar una correcta instrumentación y obturación del sistema de conductos radiculares (AU)

Objective: to analyze, using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), the frequency of the type of internal morphology of the root canals according to the Vertucci classification and the number of roots of the first upper premolars. Material and methods: 100 first upper premolars were evaluated with CBCT, which corresponded to 30 female and 20 male patients in the Chair of Diagnostic Imaging of the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires. Variables were studied: number of roots, type of internal morphology, age, sex and side. The tomography of the upper jaw with both first premolars in dental, periodontal and closed apex health, a 100 × 90 mm volumetric acquisition and a voxel size of 150 µm were selected. An axial cut was used, observing the apical, middle and cervical third of pieces 1.4 and 2.4. Each premolar was analyzed with 30 paraxial cuts. The Vertucci classification was used to group the different anatomical variables of the root canals of the first upper premolars which consists of VIII typologies. Results: the most representative type among the top 100 upper premolars within the Vertucci classification was type IV (two separate ducts from the chamber to the apex). The type coincidence between the right (78%; 95% CI: 65 to 87%) and left (70%; 95% CI: 56 to 81%) los primeros premolares superiores, la cual consta de VIII tipolo gías. Resultados: el tipo más representativo entre los 100 primeros premolares superiores, dentro de la clasificación de Vertucci, fue el tipo IV (dos conductos separados desde la cámara al ápice). La coincidencia de tipos entre los lados derecho (78%; IC 95%: 65 a 87%) e izquierdo (70%; IC 95%: 56 a 81%) fue significativa. La distribución según el número de raíces en el lado derecho (χ 2 = 2.88) e izquierdo (χ2 = 0.72) no presentó una heterogeneidad significativa. La coincidencia del número de raíces entre los lados derecho e izquierdo fue significativa. Conclusión: se comprobó el tipo de morfología interna más frecuente, el número de raíces y su variabilidad de acuerdo al lado, sexo, y edad; lo cual es de una relevante importancia para realizar una correcta instrumentación y obturación del sistema de conductos radiculares (AU))

The image of physical education teachers held by students from two universities / A imagem dos professores de educação física de alunos de duas universidades

ABSTRACT This study analyses the image that students of initial physical education teacher education (PETE) from two different universities (University of Alicante- UA, Spain, and Central University of Ecuador-UCE) have of physical education teachers. This qualitative and comparative study uses a metaphorical approach. Qualitative methodology was used to analyse the participating students metaphors in order to explore whether or not they suit the current learning and teaching perspectives in the field of Physical Education, and whether the images conveyed any differences between universities due to the influence of the context in the Physical Education teacher image and in gender stereotypes. A total of 190 students participated in the study (n= 105 men; n= 85 women). The software AQUAD 7 was used to process the data. The results showed that there were no obvious gender differences that keep women away from physical activity. As well as not excessive differences due to the different context of the participants.

RESUMO Este estudo analisa a imagem que alunos de educação inicial de professores de educação física de duas universidades diferentes (Universidade de Alicante - UA, Espanha e Universidade Central do Equador - UCE) possuem professores de educação física. Este estudo qualitativo e comparativo utiliza uma abordagem metafórica. A metodologia qualitativa foi utilizada para analisar as metáforas dos alunos participantes, a fim de explorar se elas se adequam ou não às perspectivas atuais de aprendizagem e ensino no campo da Educação Física, e se as imagens transmitiram alguma diferença entre as universidades devido à influência do contexto na imagem do professor de Educação Física e nos estereótipos de gênero. Um total de 190 alunos participaram do estudo (n= 105 homens; n= 85 mulheres). O software AQUAD 7 foi utilizado para processar os dados. Os resultados mostraram que não havia diferenças de gênero óbvias que afastassem as mulheres da atividade física. Assim como não há diferenças excessivas devido ao contexto diferente dos participantes.

Increased myeloperoxidase activity and protein nitration are indicators of inflammation in patients with Chagas' disease.

In this study, we investigated whether inflammatory responses contribute to oxidative/nitrosative stress in patients with Chagas' disease. We used three tests (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immuno-flow cytometry, and STAT-PAK immunochromatography) to screen human serum samples (n = 1,481) originating from Chiapas, Mexico, for Trypanosoma cruzi-specific antibodies. We identified 121 subjects who were seropositive for T. cruzi-specific antibodies, a finding indicative of an 8.5% seroprevalence in the rural population from Chiapas. Seropositive and seronegative subjects were examined for plasma levels of biomarkers of inflammation, i.e., myeloperoxidase (MPO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and xanthine oxidase (XOD), as well as for oxidative (advanced oxidation protein products [AOPPs]) and nitrosative (3-nitrotyrosine [3NT]) biomarkers. The seropositive subjects exhibited a significant increase in MPO activity and protein level, the indicator of neutrophil activation. Subsequently, a corresponding increase in AOPP contents, formed by MPO-dependent hypochlorous acid and chloramine formation, was noted in seropositive subjects. The plasma level of 3NT was significantly increased in seropositive subjects, yet we observed no change in XOD activity (O(2)(-) source) and nitrate/nitrite contents (denotes iNOS activation and NO production), which implied that direct peroxynitrite formation does not contribute to increased nitrosative damage in chagasic subjects. Instead, a positive correlation between increased MPO activity and protein 3NT formation was observed, which suggested to us that MPO-dependent formation of nitrylchloride that occurs in the presence of physiological NO and O(2)(-) concentrations contributes to protein nitration. Overall, our data demonstrate that T. cruzi-induced neutrophil activation is pathological and contributes to MPO-mediated collateral protein oxidative and nitrosative damage in human patients with Chagas' disease. Therapies capable of suppressing MPO activity may be useful in controlling the inflammation and oxidative/nitrosative pathology in chagasic cardiomyopathy.

Malignant oral-maxillary neoplasm in children and adolescents. A retrospective analysis from the biopsy service at a school of dentistry in Argentina.

There are few studies on oral-maxillary lesions in children and adolescents, and reports on malignant neoplasms are scarce. Comparison of available data is difficult due to the different criteria and racial-ethnic origin of the populations in each study. The aim of this work was to perform a retrospective study of malignant oral neoplasms in patients aged up to 20 years diagnosed at a center specialized in histopathological diagnosis of oral diseases between 1990 and 2005. The 24 retrieved cases accounted for 0.9% (n: 2434) of total biopsies in this age group during that period, and for 8.4% (n: 236) of the tumors. Mean age of the whole population was 9.2 years with even distribution according to sex. The most frequent tumor types were extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma (7 cases), osteosarcoma (4 cases) and Ewing sarcoma (3 cases). These data can be considered representative of our population of children and adolescents and serve as a basis for recognition and presumptive diagnosis in clinical practice.

Malignant oral-maxillary neoplasm in children and adolescents: a retrospective analysis from the biopsy service at a school of dentistry in Argentina / Neoplasias malignas bucomaxilares en niños y adolescentes: análisis retrospectivo del servicio de biopsias de una facultad de odontología en Argentina

There are few studies on oral-maxillary lesions in children and adolescents, and reports on malignant neoplasms are scarce. Comparison of available data is difficult due to the different criteriaand racial-ethnic origin of the populations in each study. The aim of this work was to perform a retrospective study of malignant oral neoplasms in patients aged up to 20 years diagnosed at a center specialized in histopathological diagnosis of oral diseases between 1990 and 2005. The 24 retrieved cases accounted for 0.9% (n: 2434) of total biopsies in this age group during that period, and for 8.4% (n: 236) of the tumors. Mean age of the wholepopulation was 9.2 years with even distribution according to sex. The most frequent tumor types were extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma (7 cases), osteosarcoma (4 cases) and Ewing sarcoma (3 cases). These data can be considered representative of our population of children and adolescents and serve as a basis for recognitionand presumptive diagnosis in clinical practice.(AU)

Los estudios sobre neoplasias bucomaxilares en niños y adolescentes son relativamente poco comunes y escasos los reportes sobre neoplasias malignas. Los datos disponibles son difíciles de comparar debido a diferencias en los criterios de análisis utilizados en cada estudio y origen racial-étnico de la población. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue realizar un estudio retrospectivo de neoplasias malignas bucales en pacientes de hasta 20 años de edad diagnosticados en un centro especializado en diagnóstico anatomopatológico bucal entre 1990 y 2005. Los 24 casos hallados representaron el 0.9 por ciento (n: 2434) del total de biopsias de este grupo etario en ese periodo y el 8.4 por ciento (n: 286) de los tumores. La edad media general fue de 9.2 años, con similar distribución según sexo. Los tipos tumorales más frecuentes fueronlos Linfomas No Hodgkin extraganglionares (7 casos), el Osteosarcoma (4 casos) y el Sarcoma de Ewing (3 casos). Estos datos pueden ser considerados representativos de nuestra po blación infanto juvenil y sirven de base para a su recono ci miento y diagnostico presuntivo en la práctica clínica.(AU)

Malignant oral-maxillary neoplasm in children and adolescents: a retrospective analysis from the biopsy service at a school of dentistry in Argentina / Neoplasias malignas bucomaxilares en niños y adolescentes: análisis retrospectivo del servicio de biopsias de una facultad de odontología en Argentina

There are few studies on oral-maxillary lesions in children and adolescents, and reports on malignant neoplasms are scarce. Comparison of available data is difficult due to the different criteriaand racial-ethnic origin of the populations in each study. The aim of this work was to perform a retrospective study of malignant oral neoplasms in patients aged up to 20 years diagnosed at a center specialized in histopathological diagnosis of oral diseases between 1990 and 2005. The 24 retrieved cases accounted for 0.9% (n: 2434) of total biopsies in this age group during that period, and for 8.4% (n: 236) of the tumors. Mean age of the wholepopulation was 9.2 years with even distribution according to sex. The most frequent tumor types were extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma (7 cases), osteosarcoma (4 cases) and Ewing sarcoma (3 cases). These data can be considered representative of our population of children and adolescents and serve as a basis for recognitionand presumptive diagnosis in clinical practice.

Los estudios sobre neoplasias bucomaxilares en niños y adolescentes son relativamente poco comunes y escasos los reportes sobre neoplasias malignas. Los datos disponibles son difíciles de comparar debido a diferencias en los criterios de análisis utilizados en cada estudio y origen racial-étnico de la población. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue realizar un estudio retrospectivo de neoplasias malignas bucales en pacientes de hasta 20 años de edad diagnosticados en un centro especializado en diagnóstico anatomopatológico bucal entre 1990 y 2005. Los 24 casos hallados representaron el 0.9 por ciento (n: 2434) del total de biopsias de este grupo etario en ese periodo y el 8.4 por ciento (n: 286) de los tumores. La edad media general fue de 9.2 años, con similar distribución según sexo. Los tipos tumorales más frecuentes fueronlos Linfomas No Hodgkin extraganglionares (7 casos), el Osteosarcoma (4 casos) y el Sarcoma de Ewing (3 casos). Estos datos pueden ser considerados representativos de nuestra po blación infanto juvenil y sirven de base para a su recono ci miento y diagnostico presuntivo en la práctica clínica.